Pros and cons of the Death Penalty Essay

The death penalty, lawful curse of death as a punishment for abusing criminal law. Strategies for execution have included such practices as torturous killing, stoning, suffocating, consuming at the stake, piercing, and decapitating. Today the death penalty is commonly practiced by deadly gas or infusion, electric shock, hanging, or shooting. Capital punishment is the most questionable corrective practice in the cutting edge world. The United States stands separated from the general patterns on the death penalty. It is the main Western industrialized country where executions despite everything occur. Besides, it is the main country that consolidates visit executions with an exceptionally evolved lawful framework portrayed by regard for singular rights. A portion of the upsides and downsides are as per the following: Experts Just Punishment- A discipline is simply in the event that it perceives the earnestness of the wrongdoing. â€Å"Let the discipline fit the crime† is a for the most part acknowledged and sound statute. In organizing criminal sentences, society must figure out what discipline fits the planned taking of guiltless human life. To be proportionate to the offense of inhumane homicide, the punishment for such an offense must recognize the sacredness of human life. Without a capital punishment, the criminal law’s punishments will basically â€Å"top out† and won't separate homicide from different offenses. Just if the condemning structure takes into consideration a considerably more prominent punishment for homicide will the scope of punishments completely mirror the reality of consummation the life of an honest person. Discouragement capital punishment is likewise defended in view of its hindrance impact, which spares the lives of honest people by demoralizing possible killers. Rationale underpins the end that death penalty is the best obstruction for planned killings. A capital sentence isâ certainly a more dreaded punishment than a jail term. The lengths to which indicted killers go to stay away from inconvenience of this sentence obviously exhibits this reality, as do interviews with jail detainees. Certainly, capital punishment doesn't deflect all homicides. But since a capital sentence is more extreme than different punishments, it is sensible to expect that its reality will lead probably some likely killers to rule against gambling execution. As the Supreme Court has watched, â€Å"There are painstakingly pondered murders, for example, the homicide for recruit, where the conceivable punishment of death may well go into the chilly math that goes before the choice to act.† Debilitation Capital discipline likewise serves to adequately keep killers from slaughtering once more. This crippling impact is especially significant in view of the proceeding with chance presented by the individuals who have just taken a human life. For instance, as indicated by information from the Bureau of Justice Statistics, of 52,000 state jail prisoners spending time in jail for homicide in 1984, an expected 810 had recently been indicted for homicide. Had a portion of these killers been given capital punishment for their first killings, blameless individuals would have been saved. . Just a capital sentence can forever end the danger to others presented by the most genuine killers. Capital punishment offers conclusion to the victim’s families who have endured to such an extent. It gives a discipline and impediment to somebody who’s as of now condemned to life in jail. Detainee parole or escapes can allow crooks to slaughter. Cons-Risk to the Innocent-The hazard that a guiltless individual may be executed, Unlike all other criminal disciplines, capital punishment is irrevocable,(IRREVERSIBLE) The death penalty COSTS MORE THAN INCARCERATION A homicide preliminary typically takes any longer when capital punishment is at issue than when it isn't. Case costs †including the hour of judges, investigators, open safeguards, and court journalists, and the significant expenses of briefs †are for the most part borne by the citizen. A recent report demonstrated that were capital punishment to be reintroduced in New York, the expense of the capital preliminary alone would be more than twofold the expense of a real existence term in jail. It is uncouth and abuses the â€Å"cruel and unusual† statement in the Bill of Rights,some individuals accept. We as a general public need to move away from the â€Å"eye for an eye† retribution attitude if progress is to progress. It sends an inappropriate message: why murder individuals who slaughter individuals to show executing isn't right. Some jury individuals are hesitant to convict in the event that it implies executing somebody. The prisoner’s family should experience the ill effects of seeing their adored one put to death by the state. It is pointless in that it doesn’t breath life into the casualty back. Capital punishment is racially one-sided against African Americans Measurable proof led on instances of comparable wrongdoings found that African American litigants are more than multiple times as liable to be executed as their White partners. A comparative report noticed that White respondents face basically no way of execution when their casualty is African-American. While African Americans make up just 13% of the U.S. populace, over 40% of death-row detainees are African-American. Considering these gross imbalances, the continuation of the death penalty comprises terrible separation. it is likewise evident that those waiting for capital punishment come lopsidedly from low-pay and horror geographic zones. That such zones are disproportionatelyâ populated by African Americans is a grievous connection, painting an alarming representation of a country that needs fairness. Mix-ups can be made, Advances in measurable medication and DNA testing are prompting increasingly more exoneration’s of sentenced crooks.

Language And Communication Children And Young People Essay Example

Language And Communication Children And Young People Essay The cardinal contribution of this article is to gauge the capacity of show according to etymological correspondence and imparting advancement. Formative mental science and hypotheses of show are the central beginnings of investigating and explaining this by itself interrelatedness, since they offer basic data about human conduct. For this ground a few formative hypotheses have been created by numerous researchers, for example, Jean Piaget, Lev Vygotsky, Sigmunt Freud, Albert Bandura and other cutting edge researchers, who figured out how to clear up the aspects of child improvement from various positions. At first, this exposition outlines the significance of show by portraying its classs. Play hypotheses are quickly exhibited and isolated into traditional and advanced 1s. From that point, it makes reference to the highlights of semantic correspondence through the speculations of two all around considered researchers, Lev Vygotsky and Jean Piaget, so as to comprehend the correlativity between etymological correspondence and dramatization improvement. It other than represents the being of nine fundamental conveying achievements and why non-verbal and verbal imparting is so of import. Moreover, this article dissects inquire about which clarifies the immediate connection between dramatization, etymological correspondence and conveying. Through expound makes reference to, the idea that the capacity of dramatization is remarkable in a child s advancement is upheld. Next it shows the significance of finger, mummer and rime dramatization to explain that even the most widely recognized games have a significant capacity in etymological correspondence and conveying improvement. Last yet non least, it investigates how play fortifies the education advancement and in the end exhibits the estimation of the creator. We will compose a custom paper test on Language And Communication Children And Young People explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Language And Communication Children And Young People explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Language And Communication Children And Young People explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer The Importance of Play Ostensibly, show is a basic part of children s advancement which has numerous conclusions in their lives. Notwithstanding the difficulty of referencing to a regularly acknowledged definition, show is a basic bit of the creating kid ( Sheridan A ; Howard A ; Aldelson, 2011 ) . It is a cardinal activity which happens all through children s lives and is isolated into two classs, free show and organized dramatization. To be careful, free show is an activity where the child can take the guidelines and the signifier of dramatization, without the commitment and the clash of an adult. Thus, the child turns into the pioneer of dramatization ( Tassoni A ; Hucker, 2000 ) . Moreover, many research laborers have guaranteed that free show offers progressively instructive opportunities to kids. Though organized dramatization is characterized as an activity which is coordinated by adults and cutoff points kids s securing potencies. Grown-ups are supporters and have an essential capacity in this sort of show. For this ground, Thomas, Howard and Miles demonstrated by an overview they directed, that free dramatization, as it were fun loving mode show, is fit for facilitating kids s capacity to larn. They region that through this way kids s imparting is profited, on the grounds that joy makes the capacity to elevate arranged sorts of practices. As an outcome, instructive scenes utilize the lively technique to additionally kids s phonetic correspondence and conveying advancement ( McInnes A ; Howard A ; Miles A ; Crowley, 2009 ) . It is of significance to advert that there are show speculations which are isolated into two classs, old style and present day hypotheses of dramatization. In unconventional, old style hypotheses comprise of the Surplus Energy Theory, Recreational or Relaxation Theory, Pre-practice Theory and the Recapitulation Theory of dramatization ( Sheridan A ; Howard A ; Aldelson, 2011 A ; Stagnitti, 2004 A ; Tassoni A ; Hucker, 2000 ) . Present day hypotheses closed by the Arousal Modulation Theories of Play, the Psychodynamic Theories of Play, the Cognitive Developmental Theories of Play and the Sociocultural speculations of Play. The last class is isolated into two sub-classifications which are the Play as Socialization and the Metacommunicative Theory ( Stagnitti, 2004 ) . Besides, there are five kinds of dramatization, which are refered to as physical show, show with objects, emblematic dramatization, socio-emotional/affectation show and games with guidelines ( Whitebread, 2012 ) . The over five sorts of dramatization help children to spread out their capacities non only in the etymological correspondence and imparting circle, however alongside in the physical, intellectual, cultural and enthusiastic circle ( Sheridan A ; Howard A ; Aldelson, 2011 ) . Fitting to the unchanging advancement of etymological correspondence and imparting, dramatization and its advantages in this circle must be dissected in profundity, so as to quantify kids s formative potencies through show. Language and Communication Language is a solid conveying device ( Moyles, 1989 ) which cultivates kids s capacities. Through phonetic correspondence we can populate the days of old again, measure the great beyond and use this basic device when we face complex condition of affairss ( Crain, 2000 ) . In addition, numerous formative theoreticians have attempted to explain, how children receive cardinal capacities as they grow up and some of them, hold given specific highlight to the semantic correspondence and conveying advancement and how it is identified with play. They have assessed children s improvement from birth to development. Vygotsky, who was described as the Mozart of Psychology ( Gray A ; MacBlain, 2012, p.85 ) , guaranteed in his cultural constructivism hypothesis, that semantic correspondence is the social instrument which encourages the methodology of thought and procurement. It was his home conviction that children must grok phonetic correspondence, so as to cooperate in the general public. Thus, orchestrating to Vygotsky, dramatization and phonetic correspondence are interrelated ( Moyles, 2005 ) . Because of the way that through show kids maestro conveying achievements, they decipher the use of articles and duplicate the perspectives and the wonts of adults ( Gray A ; MacBlain, 2012 ) . In add-on, he expressed that children gain cognizance when they partake in cultural imparting and appropriately, they receive new significances. In this way, blending to Vygotsky, kids act in the zone of proximal advancement ( Whitebread, 1996 ) , which implies that each child has constrained conceivable when conv ey throughing a movement yet he can spread out his achievements with fit guide ( Lindon, 2001 ) . Be that as it may, another regarded researcher Piaget did non put highlight, as Vygotsky did, on the significance of phonetic correspondence during kids s advancement. Piaget expressed that phonetic correspondence component is utilized by the juvenile child just to give some fundamental fulfillments and non to promote increasingly complex maps, for example, thought and rationale ( Gray A ; MacBlain, 2012 ) . Moreover, Piaget s notions did non advance children s capacities ; on the other hand he underestimated them, by utilizing exercises that were unnecessarily intricate for kids competency ( Whitebread, 1996 ) . On the converse, a few researchers contend that kids s thought, begins to work legitimately as they figure out how to use semantic correspondence. This happens in light of the fact that semantic correspondence achievements are difficult for children to retain, yet when this a little bit at a time happens, rationale creates ( Crain, 2000 ) . In any case, Piaget did non back u p the above impression by adverting that rationale gets from activities ( Gray A ; MacBlain, 2012 ) . On the confirmations that phonetic correspondence is a worked in bit of conveying, it is of import to nail a portion of the achievements that children create in this circle. As it were there are nine essential conveying achievements. At first, kids figure out how to bespeak support, to bespeak help, to acknowledge and dismiss offers. Besides, they react to the request pause or no , they react to waies, follow a plan and in the long run they can do an entry starting with one topographic point then onto the next ( Frost A ; Bondy, 2002 ) . For case, when children claim to be a patient in a hospital, they realize when they need to hold up their curve so as to be analyzed by the doctor and they provide requests, for example, hold up , stay , come . Correspondence is a perplexing guide. Prior to the outgrowth of words, children can pass on enough before following semantic correspondence creation and phonetic correspondence perception ( Sheridan A ; Sharma A ; Cockerill, 2008 ) . The above feature portrays the non-verbal imparting type which is extremely of import. Infant angels impart nonverbally to show their requests. Facial looks, natural structure phonetic correspondence, proto-sounds and perceptual experience of emotions are the properties of non-verbal imparting ( Whitehead, 1999 ) . Subsequently, grown-ups begin to pass on with kids abdominal muscle initio nonverbally lastly verbally. Research demonstrates that discussion among children and adults which contains a major figure of detached requests is crucial in light of the fact that children get the opportunity to respond to talk phonetic correspondence. As such, when children feel that they are dynamic members in a grown-up kid discussion, they feel perky which is remarkable for the improvement of semantic correspondence ( Howard A ; McInnes, imminent ) . Encouraging Language and Communication Skills through Play To get down with, surveies have demonstrated that there is a solid association between semantic correspondence and show. Research which was directed in Japan in 1989, demonstrated solitary denotes that show and phonetic correspondence are emphatically related. In particular, the f

The Misconceptions of Greek Life

The Misconceptions of Greek Life Incoming freshmen often wonder whether or not they should participate in fall recruitment for Greek life. While there is no explicit rule saying you do or dont need to join a fraternity or sorority, there are many benefits to Greek life that people overlook, and tons of rumors that simply are not true. Today, I will crack down some of these misconceptions. 1. You HAVE to go out  if you are in Greek life. This just simply is not true. Grab food with friends, watch a movie, read. There is plenty to do on campus that does not involve going out. And who doesnt love food? 2. Philanthropy is just to make Greek life look good. Gif from Giphy.com Well, yes, philanthropy does make Greek life look good, but so does anyone volunteering anywhere. People dont realize just how much giving back fraternities and sororities really do. For example, many groups host food events and donate all of their profit to a specific foundation. Others go out and tutor for free, or take their time helping children learn to read. 3. People in Greek life are only friends with other people in Greek life. Gif from Giphy.com I have friends in Greek life, friends not in Greek life, friends in business fraternities, and friends in professional fraternities. Involvement in Greek life does give you the opportunity to meet new people, but it does not determine who you will be friends with. Whether Greek life is right for you is your choice completely, but dont let these common misconceptions determine whether you give it a try! College is all about stepping out of your comfort  zone and trying new things, so embrace every chance you get. Rachel Class of 2020 I am studying Middle Grades Education with concentrations in Social Sciences and Literacy in the College of Education. Although I now reside in Champaign, I am originally from Vernon Hills, a Northwest suburb of Chicago.

The Effects of the Equal Pay Act of 1963 - 1921 Words

Running head: THE EFFECTS OF THE EQUAL PAY ACT OF 1963 1 The Effects of the Equal Pay Act of 1963 Abstract On June 10th, 1963, John F. Kennedy signed the Equal Pay Act, which prohibits wage discrimination based solely on gender. Despite the passing of this bill, women today are still not earning equal pay for equal work. Currently, the Equal Pay Act of 1963 states that an employer in any business cannot discriminate between employees based on gender by paying wages less than an employee of the opposite sex. There are many causes of the gender pay disparity, many can be explained away by level of education, experience, and job tenure. It is the job of a human†¦show more content†¦A reason for the gender pay gap is the fact that women tend to put their jobs on the back burner in order to raise a family. Women tend to choose to fall from the workforce or only work part time after having one or more children. Women are therefore sacrificing their prime years of earning potential to carry out domestic THE EFFECTS OF THE EQUAL PAY ACT OF 1963 5 responsibilities. This causes their pay to suffer in comparison to a man’s wages. Because their work has been intermittent, there are sizable wage penalties resulting from a diminished level of education, experience, and job tenure. Another potential cause of wage disparity is the type of position chosen by men and women. Men are usually considered the â€Å"bread-winners† of the family (although this is changing over time) and tend to choose higher paying positions, whereas women tend to choose a care-giving profession and positions that have lower financial risk, which end up being less financially rewarding. Does the Equal Pay Act of 1963 effect men as well as women? Yes. The reason that men may be affected by wage disparity is one that they may not realize. Men tend to expect more money in being hired by a company than women. This may lead to a business hiring a woman over hiring a man because the woman actually asked for a lower salary. This could lead toShow MoreRelatedThe Equal Pay Act ( Epa ) Of 19631007 Words   |  5 Pages2016 Equality Is Coming Until the Equal Pay Act (EPA) of 1963, many women were paid less for doing the same work as men. This division of wages often caused hardships and bitterness forcing women to work more hours on a weekly basis in order to make the same amount of money as their male counterparts. In order to understand the impact of the Equal Pay Act, you must first understand its purpose, the benefits, and also consider the negative effects. The act caused a maximum amount of the womenRead MoreEqual Employment Opportunity Essay1514 Words   |  7 Pages Throughout the years the United States has faced many challenges with equal employment opportunities for everyone. 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When this Act was signed into law in 1963, women were only being paid 59% of what men were paid (â€Å"Pay Equity Information†)Read MoreKey Women s Issues Of Hr1501 Words   |  7 PagesKey Women’s Issues in HR â€Å"We have to pass pay equity for women workers. It is not acceptable that women are making 78 cents an hour compared to men,† said democratic candidate Bernie Sanders in a speech to the National Press Club in March of this year. 52 years after the Equal Pay Act was passed, working women in the United States still face a gender pay gap no matter what career they are in and while we have made progress since 1963, recently any improvement on the wage disparity has remainedRead MoreThe Equal Pay Act Is An Anti Discrimination Policy1284 Words   |  6 PagesThe Equal Pay Act is an anti-discrimination policy, which was signed into law on June 10, 1963. The purpose of this policy was to stop gender based pay inequality. 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Roosevelt issued Executive Order 8802 in 1941. Executive Order 8802 ensured that every American citizen was guaranteed equal employment opportunities in World War II defense contracts, regardless of race, creed, color, or national origin. Today, the EEO legislation has affected businesses. The topics discussed will be, how the organization, as well as the individual employee, has rights, the effect it has on the customers

How to Plan a Wedding on a Budget - 978 Words

PLANNING A WEDDING ON A BUDGET 11-21-10 Organization: This speech uses topical organization Audience analysis: My audience consists of women who have recently become engaged. There will be four women between the ages of 30 and 40. The speech will take place in the a room at my work. All of the women are interested in learning how to plan their weddings on a budget. Central Idea: Wedding necessities for cheap General Purpose: To assist Specific Purpose: I would like to teach women how to plan a wedding on a budget Introduction: I. Attention getter: Every woman wants to have the wedding of their dreams. Weddings can be very expensive. An average wedding cost†¦show more content†¦A lot of tiered cakes require assembling and they usually charge and extra $50-100 so this may save you that extra fee as well. C. What you put on your cake will cost you extra. A bakery will charge you more if you use sugar flowers verses real ones. They have to usually make them all by hand, which takes more time and more of your money. Conclusion: V. Transition— As you can see, a wedding could be very expensive and requires a lot of work. VI. Restatement of Thesis— Budgeting a wedding could be difficult and your cake and flowers are one of your important wedding necessities. VII. Restatement of Main Points— You could do so by researching your Resources, and shopping around for a baker who will give you what you want and a bouquet that you will be happy to walk with. VIII. Memorable Closing Thought—Planning a wedding can be very overwhelming and just remember this is your day, it’s all about you. Just the little bit that you let go and budget will relieve a lot of stress off of you. Don’t be afraid to ask for some help. People are more than willing to help. Get ready for a new journey in your life and remember One thing, never go to bed mad just stay up and fight.(Phyllis Diller) Works CitedShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Wedding Project1126 Words   |  5 PagesThe Wedding Project One of the most significant days in a persons life is her wedding day! To ensure that such a momentous event goes off without a hitch, appropriate planning is required. And when it comes to wedding planning, picking ones partner could very well be the easiest of all the planning decisions to make. Months will be spent prior to the wedding researching vendors, comparing products and prices, meeting with photographers, hotel managers, and many more wedding vendors to determineRead MoreEssay about Wedding Project Part I1107 Words   |  5 PagesWEDDING PROJECT PART I The Wedding Project Student Name University of Phoenix The Wedding Project One of the most significant days in a persons life is her wedding day! 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Unfortunately, in today’s very busy society, couples that decide to get married don t always have the time or the patience to plan a wedding. The popular thing to do now is not to simply plan your own wedding with family and friends, but instead to hire something to make the vision of the â€Å"dream wedding† for the bride to come alive. The title for this career is a Wedding Planner. This career takes on many roles including planning

A 20th Century Leader Free Essays

‘Robert Kennedy: His Life’ is the autobiography of Robert F. Kennedy (popularly referred to as RFK). It was written by Evan Thomas, a former senior editor of Newsweek in Washington. We will write a custom essay sample on A 20th Century Leader or any similar topic only for you Order Now He was the first biographer to have access to Kennedy’s personal papers as attorney general. Thought the book contains no shocking revelations, there is a lot of fresh information gathered from Robert’s surviving colleagues, files and other sources. In the book, Thomas gives an elucidation of the man’s strengths as well as failures, and discloses the complex web of relationships in the Kennedy family. Depicting RFK as a man whose ‘house had a lot of mansions’, Thomas refers to him as ‘the lucky one’. Throughout the book, Thomas brings out the many phases of Kennedy’s personality. He was a very rich individual who could act like a spoiled child one day, and show sympathy to the minorities the next. Though the book honors a man whose potential was cut short too soon, Thomas’ book focuses on a man, a family and an era about whom Americans will never fully understand. Robert was the younger brother of U.S. President John F. Kennedy (JFK). Born on November 20, 1925, he was the seventh born of Rose Fitzgerald and Joseph P. Kennedy. After living in Brookline, Massachusetts for two years, Robert and his family moved severally to mansions located in different parts of New York such as Riversdale and Bronxville. Robert schooled at Riversdale and Bronxville elementary schools till 5th grade, and then moved to Riverdale Country School for 6th grade. In 1938 when 12 years old, Robert took his first trip abroad with his family to England, where his father was serving as an American envoy. After finishing high school in 1943, Robert was drafted into the U.S. Naval Reserve as a trainee seaman. Robert Kennedy’s involvement in politics According to Brian (1996), when World War II broke out, Robert took a break from studies at Harvard and joined the U.S. Navy. After the war, he went on to complete his studies and graduated with a law degree from University of Virginia. In the 1950s, he served as a counsel to a US Senate committee probing labor unions, leading to his open feud with the Teamsters leader Jimmy Hoffa. Robert’s political career is more closely associated with his brother, JFK. He oversaw JFK’s successful campaigns for the US Senate in 1952 and the presidency in 1960, and then was appointed as Attorney General in John’s administration. He was at the forefront of enforcing civil rights measures in the South and became the president’s closest adviser on all issues, for example foreign policy matters such as the Cuban missile crisis. After his brother’s assassination in 1963, Robert continued to serve in the Lyndon Johnson government as Attorney General and was unhappy that Johnson overlooked him for vice-presidency in 1964. Robert ran successfully for senator of New York. As senator, he was loved by African Americans and other minorities such as immigrant groups and Native Americans. He spoke convincingly in favor of the excluded, disaffected and impoverished, hence getting the support of social justice campaigners and leaders of the civil rights struggle. He backed President Johnson on domestic matters, particularly civil rights and the war on poverty, but did agree with him over the war in Vietnam. By 1968, he was one of the most vocal advocates against the American policy on Vietnam. On domestic policy however, he became more and more liberal and developed a soft spot for the dispossessed and the minorities. Robert declared his candidacy for the US presidency in early 1968. He was assassinated on June, 5, 1968 at the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles just after delivering a speech to his supporters upon capturing the California primary. He was pronounced dead the following morning. Attitudes and Approach According to Brian (1996), Robert as a child was frequently the target of his father’s domineering temperament. However as he got older, he won the admiration of his father and brothers through his competitiveness. During his brother’s campaigns, Robert was more tenacious, passionate and involved than the candidate himself, aggressively tackling every detail and fighting every battle. How to cite A 20th Century Leader, Papers

Sacred Heart Youth Group free essay sample

If somebody asked me to explain one decision that shaped me as a person, I would have to tell him or her it would have been joining the Sacred Heart Youth Group. I wasn’t to keen on joining right at first. My mom had been harping on me for the whole summer saying how â€Å"it would make me a better person†. At first I thought it would just be a bunch of church lovers who say prayers all night, and I did not want people to think I was a nerd or something, but I went. I was wrong, after going there for a couple of Monday nights, I soon found out that it was nothing like I had ever imagined. Arriving there and eating pizza while going over announcements was just to get people talking. After that, we would try and plan our next act of community service we were going to commit. We will write a custom essay sample on Sacred Heart Youth Group or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I felt the same way about community service as I did joining the youth group. Looking back now I believe I was scared to try new things. With my mom pushing me one November morning I braved the frigid air and helped distribute food for the local food pantry. That single experience changed my view of people forever. After that cold morning all I wanted to do was help others. That next Monday at our meeting, I told Anna how it had changed the way I wanted to peruse my life and asked her if I could sign up for any more activates. She gave me a list of community service events that were coming up, and so I signed up for most of them. Still hundreds of hours later, I still love helping out others, and the biggest thing I learned from performing those duties is that they are fun. Most people view community as boring and something they are forced to do, as where I look forward to doing it, and making other people smile. The other biggest thing I look away from our youth group is being a leader. When I first arrived there, I was shy and didn’t want to talk much, but after a couple weeks I loosened up. Once Anna got to know me more, she started asking me to start up and lead discussions about anything I wanted to. With my success that I had with that, she asked me to be one of the seven leaders at our first SMASH Retreat as Casowasco retreat center. I agreed and from there on out the next ten months was strictly planning. When the retreat finally arrived, I was assigned to look over six youth. My duties were to make sure they are having a fun time, as well as lead them in every activity that was to be done. I loved it. Being able to help people enrich their faith really touched me and helped make me who I am today. Looking at me, most think I am a regular boy who plays sports and does well in school, but what they do not see, is all the things that go into me being myself. Just from joining one little club, out of hundreds I could choose from completely changed my life. It wasn’t one single event that changed it, but the exposure to helping others through community service, and leading others through the same experience are traits and qualities that will forever be with me.

102 Analyzing Monsters and Evaluations Professor Ramos Blog

102 Analyzing Monsters and Evaluations Quick Write Quick Write Our next essay is an evaluation. What does evaluation suggest to you? What monster are you thinking or writing about? Narrow it down to 2 or 3 that you would be interested in learning more about. IGN Dracula Untold Review What do you think is the purpose of the evaluation? Evaluations: What is it and Why do it? Good walk through that explains evaluations more in depth. Even though it is for a program, many of the ideas apply to your Monster evaluations. Monster List of Monsters Monsters Vampires Dracula . . . Evaluation Essay 3 Evaluation: Monster  Prompt Gathering Data You will need to decide on the monster you want to evaluate, and investigate the subject thoroughly. You will need to find your primary sources and scholarly sources. For Example: Dracula or Vampires Primary Sources: Bram Stoker’s novel, Dracula (1898) – Book Bram Stoker’s Dracula (1992) – Film Scholarly Sources: Search the  Crafton  library database for your monster or category of monster. Also, Google Scholar is a great search engine for scholarly stuff. Possible search terms: Dracula Dracula critical analysis Dracula vampire Evaluation Notes Writing an Evaluation: It is one thing to offer an opinion, yet it is an entirely different matter to back up a claim with reasons and evidence. Only when you do will readers take you seriously. Explain your mission: Just what do you intend to evaluate and for whom? Are you writing for experts, a general audience, or novices? How much explaining do you need to do so that you audience follows you without getting annoyed with to much information. Establish and defend criteria: Criteria are the standards by which objects are measured. Successful presidents leave office with the country in better shape than when they entered. When readers are likely to share your criteria, you need to explain little about them. When readers disagree or object, be prepared to defend your principles. Remember: Monster Theory (Seven Theses) is a great starting point for establishing criteria.   Offer convincing evidence: Evidence makes the connection between an opinion and the criteria for evaluation that supports it. Supply data to show that a product you judged faulty didn’t meet those minimal standards. Offer worthwhile advice: Some evaluations are just for fun. Done right, most evaluations and reviews provide usable information, beneficial criticism or even ranked choices. We evaluate everything from pizza, restaurants, movies, and even professors. Commentary and criticism of all sorts just happen. Doing them well is another matter. Here is a useful explanation of an evaluation to help you out. The Evaluation Essay Using Sources What are the ways you can use sources in your essay? Explain Provide information Examples Credibility Quotes Research data Ideas! Quote Sandwich One of the most important skills you can learn in academic writing is how to incorporate sources. To help remember this, we will use the metaphor of the quotation sandwich. The Quote Sandwich. Introduce the Quote, Quote, explain the quote. Do not drive by quote. When you quote or use a source you have to explain it and use it. The quote sandwich is why you cannot start or end a paragraph with a quote. Movie Review ‘The Hunger Games’: EW Review Lisa Schwarzbaum is reviewing â€Å"The Hunger Games† movie. Does she acknowledge what her mission is and who her audience is? What criteria does she establish for it to succeed? Does she anticipate her audience’s questions and reactions? Does she address any differences between the book and movie? What is her grade or judgment of the movie? Quick Write What monster are you going to write about? Narrow it down to one or two.

The Bicycle Theif essays

The Bicycle Theif essays "The Bicycle Thief" is a deeply moving neo-realist study of post-War Italy which depicts one mans loss of faith and his struggle to maintain personal dignity in poverty and bureaucratic indifference. Antonio Ricci is a bill-poster whose bicycle, essential for his job, is stolen by a thief. Joined by his son Bruno, Antonio vainly searches for his bike, eventually resorting to the humiliation of theft himself. Throughout this paper, I will attempt to trace the character through "The Bicycle Thief." The film opens with a montage of early morning urban activities ending on a crowd of unemployed laborers clamoring for work. Sitting to the side is Antonio Ricci. Beaten down by despair, he has lost the energy to fight. His spirits are lifted, however, when his name is called out for a job. Invigorated, he damns poverty. His joy however, is fleeting, employment depends on one condition that he owns a bicycle. To provide for his family, Antonio long ago pawned his bicycle and now, in one day, he raise the price of the pawn ticket. Not knowing where he will get the money, he turns to his wife Maria. In their stark home, the only thing left to pawn is a remnant of her dowry and the familys last vestige of comfort the bed sheets. Bravely, Maria strips the bed and begins to wash the linens. At the pawn shop, it becomes evident that the Riccis misery is not unique. Their sheets are added to a mountain of small white bundles, and Antonio reclaims his bicycle from the rack of hundreds Delighted by the prospect of a good fortune, the couple happily ride away. Antonio picks up his instructions for the following morning and Maria stops by to see Signora Santona, a medium who predicted that Antonio would find a job. He gently scolds his wife for her superstitions, but Maria holds firm to her belief in the womans psychic ...

What exactly do groupworkers do and what do their groups seek to Essay

What exactly do groupworkers do and what do their groups seek to achieve - Essay Example (Steinberg, pp. 43-45, 2004) In this regard, a large number of professionals have encouraged the practice of working in groups, which has proved to be very effective and efficient in terms of achieving the goals and objectives. In this paper, different aspects of group working will be defined, discussed, and analyzed for the better understanding of the theory of group working, which has resulted in a number of accomplishments of organizations, as well as, individuals in different parts of the globe. In terms of definition, when the people work together in a cooperative environment, it has been referred as group work. Some of the examples of such cooperative environment can be observed in sport, such as squash, football, cricket, where people have to work together to accomplish a single objective, as well as, work for their individual improvements. In some of the perspectives, group work has been distinguished from the teamwork; however, various experts have not agreed with such theory and considered them as a single theory and practice. Accomplishment of a common objective is required in most of the projects, which require the people to work together. (Ephross, pp. 19-20, 2005) Therefore, most organizations, companies, institutions, etc. consider group work or teamwork as an important and unavoidable factor of the success. A team environment usually requires collaborative skills of different group workers that can be employed in an effective manner. In this regard, communication plays a vital and crucial role in the employment of such skills. Consequently, training workshops are organized and arranged by most of the organizations and institutions to improve and enhance the mutual skills and strategies of the employees to acquire an effective and noteworthy place in the fast growing world. In the present rapid modification of the surroundings, group working plays a crucial role for achieving success by

Search and Seizure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Search and Seizure - Essay Example Searches and seizures are used to produce evidence for the prosecution of alleged criminals. The police have the power to search and seize, but individuals are protected against  Arbitrary, unreasonable police intrusions.† (http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com, 2011) The provisions under the search and seizure law are not uniform across countries. For example, some countries allow citizens the right to be free from what they deem to be â€Å"unreasonable search and seizure†. Often this right is derived from broader rights to individual privacy. In most cases of ‘search and seizure’, the police officers are required to possess a valid search warrant before they commence their operations. In the United States law, the Fourth Amendment to the Constitution states â€Å"the right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and Warrants shall not be issued, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.† (http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com, 2011) This amendment is rather brief, leaving jurors to bank upon precedence and previous rulings on similar cases to ascertain legality of a contested ‘Search and Seizure’ operation. Not only is the amendment brief, but it is also subjective and vague at places, leaving juries to read situations based on the spirit of the law as opposed to its actual stipulation. Moreover, although consent must be voluntary and essential before the procedure begins, there are no clear-cut tests through which it is obtained. As a result, the court will consider the ‘totality of circumstances’ in deciding if the consent was voluntary. The urgency of a particular case is also important, as it will help ascertain whether police officers could have afforded to waste time b efore the evidence gets hidden or disposed off by the suspect. It is a reflection of lack of comprehensiveness of the Fourth Amendment that such phrases as â€Å"reasonable expectation of privacy†, â€Å"exigent circumstances†, â€Å"probable cause†, etc are used in court trials and during ‘search and seizure’ procedures. (Amsterdam, 1974, p.350) In the context of the United States, most ‘Search and Seizure’ operations occur as a way of checking illegal trafficking of drugs or suspicious transfer of huge sums of money. In the post 911 scenario, ‘search and seizure’ procedures are employed as a way of gathering intelligence to prevent possible attacks. For example, in a hypothetical scenario, the police may have been tipped about an impending terror attack, wherein the bombs are ticking and are hidden in a vehicle. In this case, it would be imprudent to consider the privacy rights and property rights of the owner of the car before locating and disposing of the bombs. Another common scenario where Search and Seizure procedure is carried out is to catch tax-evasion. The police, on a tip-off from the IRS, proceed to conduct a surprise raid on the premises of the suspected tax-evader, so that they could get hold of crucial evidence that stands contrary to the stated claims in tax returns. ‘Search and Seizure’ procedures come in conflict with rights to privacy and also rights to property. Hence, as a way of priming citizens toward this law, law

Leadership And Management Are Complex Nursing Essay

Leadership And Management Are Complex Nursing Essay Introduction Leadership and management are complex, inter-related concepts, and are essential for health services delivery, reform and administration. Both can be viewed as activities within organisation rather than as functions of specific job roles (Story, 2004; Mullins, 2007). A manager is a member of a specific professional group who manages resources and activities, establishing rules and procedures; and usually has clearly defined subordinates (Northhouse, 2010). A leader is someone, irrespective of professional background and level within an organisation, who build teams and coalitions, and has influence over other people (Rocchiccoli and Tilbury, 1998; Northhouse, 2010). Within the National Health Service (NHS) management require influence rather than giving orders, hence there is a need for effective leaders (Bristol Royal Infirmary Inquiry,1991; IIes and Sutherland, 2001; Jones, 2007) ). Effective leaders are those who possess the ability to influence motivate and enable others to contr ibute toward the effectiveness and success of the organisation of which they are members (Mullins, 2007; Chism, 2010; Northhouse, 2010). The role of leaders in the NHS is to improve patients care, treatment and experience; promote a healthier population; and enhance the NHSs reputation as a well-managed and accountable organisation as well as motivate and develop staff (Hartley and Benington, 2010). Poor leadership styles, with an increased pressure at work, and enforced change, creates dissatisfaction and low morale among staff, which may lead to crisis (Reed, 1995; Oliver, 2007; Mullins, 2007). It is the intention of this essay to highlight the importance of leadership and change management theories to understand and solve contemporary management issues. It will present and critically analysing in the light of theory the management crisis that stroke Mid Staffordshire Foundation Trust between 2005 and 2008, as reported by Alberti (2009) and Thomà © (2009). The Mid Staffordshire Foundation Trust Case The Mid Staffordshire Foundation Trust (MSFT) is a small to medium-sized trust that serves a semi-rural population (Alberti, 2009). During the summer and autumn of 2007, while analysing mortality in England, the Healthcare Commission became aware of consistently higher rates of mortality for specific conditions at the Trust (Healthcare Commission, 2009). When carrying out detailed examination, the Commission found that, mortality appeared to be concentrated on those admitted as emergencies. The reasons for the failing at the Trust, as explained by the Commission are the existences of deficiencies at virtually every stage of the pathway of emergency care (Healthcare Commission, 2009). The overall mortality rate had indeed been comparatively high for several years as shown by Dr Fosters Hospital Guide (Alberti, 2009). As a result, the government appointed Professor Sir George Albert and Doctor David Colin Thomà ©, to investigate the problem and suggest solutions. It can be said that, the MSFT has suffered from many leadership and management issues, which eventually affect the quality of care provided to patients. The reports by Alberti (2009) and Thomà © (2009) identified many issues that escalate the situation at MSFT and offer recommendations on how to manage them. These include the lack of effective clinical leadership; poor use of data and information evident in the lack of action from the concerned Strategic Health Authority (SHA) and Primary Care Trust (PCT) in relation to the increased mortality rate at the hospital, as reported during 2007 by the Hospital Standardized Mortality Rate (HSMR) data; and poor governance and clarity of accountability of all the different organisation in the system. The MSFT crisis is used here as a case study, because I have no work based experience; and for the purpose of this analysis, the above mentioned issues will be examined in relation to leadership and change management theories, with brief highlight of inter-organisa tion collaboration approach.. Leadership and change management theories Hellriegel et al. (1998) suggest that behaviour within an organization may be explained by viewing the organization as an iceberg. Their assumption is What sinks ships isnt always what sailors can see but what they cant see. Similarly, what cause problem for organizations is not what managers can see, but what they cannot see. The organisation Iceberg is based on the assumption that most of the internal factors affecting an organization are invisible, refer to as (covert) but affect the behavioural of individuals involved, such as attitudes, communication patterns, informal team processes, personality, conflict and political behaviour. While formal aspects refers to as (Overt) can be observed from all level, that include physical facilities, rules and regulations, customers and organisation designs The iceberg model relates directly to Paton (2000) who describe organisations are made of complex components that all influence the overall system. In relation to MSFT this model describe the relationship between the PCTs, SHAs and MSFT and how they work together. The Organisation Iceberg highlights that there are many factors within an organisation service that cannot always be seen and cause many problems in reality, which in the case of MSFT could be the shortage of staff, which affects the communication between employees; and lack of time to complete routine duties effectively. Change is inevitable in both organisational and social life, it is a pervasive influence and everyone is subject to continual change in one form or another (Mullins, 2007). Within organisations change is seen as a constant feature, and the ability to manage it, is seen as a core competence of successful organisations (Burnes, 2004). Paton and McCalman (2000) describes an organisation as a system of organised assembly of components, which are related in a way that the behaviour of any individual component will influence the overall status of the system. Organisational change can be initiated deliberately by managers or it can be evolve slowly (Mullins, 2007). In both situation, change can occur because of many reasons, sometimes refers to as triggers, which can be internal or external. Triggers can be due to an increased patient and public expectations, changing technologies, government legislation, competitor, supply change activities, an acquisition or merger (Paton and McCalman, 20 00). In the case of the MSFT, the triggers have been external, and involve the need to response to government legislation, social pressure and the inquiry. Nevertheless, change can be planned, implemented and seen; approaches to change management include: Lewins Force Field Model, Group Dynamic, Action Research and Three-Step model The Force Field Model (Lewin, 1951 cited by Iles and Sutherland, 2001), describe factors that can encourage change and the forces that can create resistance, during the transition state. Lewins theory can be related the MSFT as there were driven forces such as economic reasons and the need to increase customer care that lead to the establishment of the PCT and SHA. Yet there are resisting forces such as poor communication during the transition periods of PCT and SHA, and the lack of professional responsibility from the clinicians and other members of the hospitals staff. Alberti (2009) illustrated in his report that, the trust application for Foundation Trust status led to major saving being required. This financial savings was one of the driving forces that encouraged change. This in turn led to a major fall in clinical staffing, which suggested to be a resisting forces that lead to the deterioration of patient care. As suggested by Lucas and Lloyd (2005) change may bring the about resistance, even though the change can be positive. Change is not a straight forward process, whenever an organisation imposes new things on people, there will be difficulties. Thus, participation involvement and open, early, full communication are essential factors (www.bussinessballs.com). Lewin described an organisation as systems that are held in a steady state or equilibrium by equal forces (King and Anderson, 2002). These forces are the driving forces and the resisting force. When change is proposed it is important to minimise those resisting force first; any premature increase in driving forces for a change will be met with an equal opposite increase in resisting forces (King and Anderson, 2002). It is therefore necessary to reduce the resisting forces through consultation and participation in the change process. Once the resisting forces have been minimised the driving forces can be increased, shifting the equilibrium to the desire state .Within the MSFT, tackling resistanc e to change should have been a priority, given the circumstances and events that occurred. Resistance to change can be in many forms, these can be at an individual level or organisational level, and often difficult to pinpoint the causes. Mullins (2007) suggested that individual resistance may be due to habit, inconvenient or loss of freedom, security in the past and economic implication. Similarly, King and Anderson (2002) argued that individuals may resist simply because change represents a more move into the unknown. Examples of security in the past causing resistance can be seen at MSFT and the surgical words, in the past surgical patients were admitted to the emergency accident unit (EAU), this was found to be of unsatisfactory level leading to opening of a temporary small surgical assessment unit. This unit was found to be successful; however has no been closed, despite its success. Resistance to change and the feeling of security in the past admission procedures allowed a suc cessful change to be closed. Group Dynamic is another a approach to change, Lewin was the first psychologist to write about group Group Dynamic and the importance of the group in shaping the behaviour of its all members (Burnes, 2009). Lewin developed of this concept by addressing two questions. First, what is about the nature and characteristics of particular group that cause it to respond, as it does to the forces which trench on it? Second, how these forces be changed in order to elicit a more desirable form of behaviour? Group Dynamic stresses that, group behaviour, rather than that of individuals, should be the main focus of change (Hayes, 2007; Burnes, 2009). Lewin maintain that it is fruitless to concentrate on changing the behaviour of individuals because the individual in isolation is constrained by group pressure to conform. Consequently the focus of change, must be at the group level and should concentrate on factors such as group norms, roles, interactions and socialization processes to create diseq uilibrium and change (Hayes, 2007) Lewin recognized that, there is need to study and understanding the internal dynamics of groups, such as the different roles people play and how groups need to change over time. However, for him this understanding was not sufficient by itself to bring about change (Burnes, 2009). Lewin also recognized the need to provide a process whereby group members could be engaged in and committed to changing their behaviour. This led Lewin to develop Action Research and the Three-Step model. Action Research Lewin conceived of Action Research as a two-pronged process which would allow groups to address these three questions. Firstly, it emphasizes that change require actions, and is directed at achieving this. Secondly, it recognizes that successful action is based on analyzing the situation correctly, identifying all the possible alternative solutions and choosing the one most appropriate to the situation at hand ( Hayes, 2007). To be successful, though, there has also to be a felt-need. Felt need is an individuals inner realization that change is necessary. If felt-need is low in the group or organisation, introducing change becomes a problematic (Burnes, 2009) Three-Step model is programme of planned change and improved performance, this model is developed by Lewin, to assist with change. It involves the management of a three-stage process of behavior modification: unfreezing, movement and refreezing (Mullins, 2007). Unfreezing by reduce those forces which keep behavior in its current form, recognition of the need for change and improvement to take place. Lewin believed that the stability of human behaviour was based on a quasi-stationary equilibrium supported by a complex field of driving and resisting forces, thus the equilibrium needs to be destabilized before old behaviour can be discarded and new behaviour successfully adopted (Burnes, 2009). Movement, this step shifts the behavior of organisation to a new level; it involves the development of new attitudes or behavior and the implementation of change, Lewin recognized that, without reinforcement, change could be short-lift (Hayes, 2007; Burnes, 2009). Refreezing, this step stabilizi ng the organisation at new state of equilibrium, it is frequently accomplish through the use of supporting mechanism, for examples polices, structure or norms (Mullins, 2007). The main point about refreezing is that new behaviour must be, to some degree, congruent with the rest of the behaviour, personality and environment of the learner or it will simply lead to a new round of disconfirmation (Burnes, 2009). Clinical Leadership Effective, accountable clinical leadership at all levels of the NHS from where patients are treated and cared for right up to the board of an organisation, is another essential pre-requisite of a safe, high quality and effective service (IIes and Sutherland, 2001). In Mid Staffordshire hospital trust, this was lacking. It could also have been more effective in the PCTs and SHAs. Thomà © (2009) suggested that clinical leadership had a major role in the deterioration of patient care at MSFT. He described the visible clinical leadership as lacking in MSFT as well as in SHA and PCT. The poor leadership was observed at all levels, with clinicians failing to raise concerns about patients quality of care, and management failing to improve staff level that would have a big impact on patient quality of care. Clinical leadership may be defined as an expert clinician involved in providing direct clinical care, which influences others to improve the care they provide continuously (Cook, 1999, p. 306). Cook and Leatherhard (2004) describe five characteristics of an effective leader that can be adopted into the clinical environment to produce the best care for the patients. These include creativity by understand the situation and seeking new possibilities; highlighting through identifying new ways of care delivery; influencing by help others see and understand situations from different perspectives; respecting through well develop perceptual ability of others; and finally supporting by supporting others through change. The effective leader characteristics are link to the Trait Theory (Lord et al, 1986) which suggests that leaders have physical traits and abilities that are individual and distinguish them from others. The Trait Theory based on early studies which claim that leaders are born not made, and key characteristics and skills are inherited (Mullins, 2007). The benefit of trait approach is the ability to focus on the individual who is the leader, rather than the task of leading. This allows for analysis of the leader and their individual leadership traits, in term of effectiveness and efficiency and highlights their strength and weakness, which in turn can lead to the improvement of leadership capabilities. Being an ineffective leader in NHS can have severe consequences on the staff in the workplace, as well as patient by having psychologica l impacts that cause deterioration in patient acre and result in stressed staff. Alberti (2009) and Thomà © (2009) . It is clear that there was a distinct lack of Cook and Leathards (2004) five characteristics, that need to influence staff, implement change and be creative. According to Alberti (2009) and Thomà © (2009) reports, leaders of MSFT were very focused on a financial change and lacked creativity in many other aspects of the organisation, such as implementing change management at an individual care staff level. They show disrespect for their staff, by failing to support them and provide adequate training. Alberti (2009) and Thomà © (2009) suggest that they could provided training that would enable staff to adapt to changes in the organisation. Also, there could have been changes to the staff levels, to provide departments with the sufficient staffing, to maintain appropriate care levels. This in turn inhibit the introduction of any new care plans that could potentially i mproved the care. There was also a lack of influential staff; Thomà © (2009) commented on the lack of responsibility shown by general parishioners in the hospital, who fail to report poor quality of care , that they often observed in the clinical settings. According to Palfrey (2000) within the NHS management decisions often relate to resources or the allocation of resources, and that managing budgets and managing people require two very different functions. It is clear that the financial component of MSFT system was a priority, and the leaders in charge missed the opportunity to manage their staff and individuals well, by focusing too much on the budgets and resources (Alberti, 2009; and Thomà ©,2009). Inter -organisational collaboration Alberti (2009) review of MSFT, found that there are highly committed, acute surgeons working at the Trust but too few in each of the surgical specialties. He therefore recommended that a system of networking with neighbouring trusts to be created. Similarly, a network or board should be established for urgent and emergency care including all partners, such as the PCT, the ambulance trust, social services, the voluntary sector, pharmacies, patients and the public as well as the MSFT. In his view this could and should greatly facilitate delivery of care by the most appropriate person in the most appropriate setting in timely fashion. Partnership means learning together and works together; it is a good way of making things happen (Davies and Foley, 2007).The need to bring together, different inter-linked professionals skills has increasingly arisen in response to the complexity of health and welfare services; the expansion of knowledge and the subsequent increase in specialisation resou rces; for lessening duplication and provide a more effective, integrated and supportive services for both users and professionals (Naidoo and Wills, 2001). According to Leathard (1994) one striking feature about inter-professional work in Britain is that there has been a generally held belief that collaboration is good thing and inter-professionals teams have increasingly gained favour in recent years. However, threes has been little evidence to substantiate the view that collaboration leads to an increase in the quality of care. Similarly, Hudson et al (1999) have argued that interagency collaboration in the public sector remains very difficult, yet governments committed to it. Adams (2007) mentioned that partnership have number of strengths. First, they reassure people that cooperation and collaboration between diverse groups and organisations are possible. Second, they enable people as individuals and in groups to join forces to achieve shared goals. Finally, they are means by which agencies can work together to solve problems they cold not tackle alone. McGrath (1991) noted three advantages of inter-professionals teams working in th e field of community mental handicap. Firstly, more efficient use of staff, for example enabling specialist staff to concentrate on specialist skills and maximising the potential of a qualified staff. Secondly, effective service provision, for instance, encouraging overall service planning and goal orientation. Thirdly, creating a more satisfying, work environment, again by promoting a more relevant and supportive services. Inter-agency and inter-professionals coordination and collaboration, are not however, readily in practice (Sands et al, 1990). Inter-professionals pitfalls included conflicting professional and organisational boundaries, inequality in status and pay, and time consuming consultation (McGrath, 1991). Sweeney et al (2000) concluded that, the three reasons for failures in collaboration drawn from research are cited as being differing professional perspectives on problems; different occupational cultures and confusions over professional roles. Confidentiality and sharing information within and between agencies are other issues. It is clear that PCT, SHA and Monitor at MSFT were unsure about their involvement and responsibilities once the hospital has been awarded the Foundation Trust status, which result in neglecting patient care (Alberti, 2009; Thomà ©, 2009). Adams (2007) pointed out that it is difficult for organisation with diverse cultures and ways of working to work together. Succ essful partnerships and effective joint work between different agencies and professionals, depend on a number of conditions being fulfilled These include a willingness to share tasks, high trust between different professionals and openness and good communication. Likewise Hudson et al (1999) have developed a conceptual framework setting out some main issues that need to be considered when planning collaborative services. These include assessment of collaborative capacity, identification of a legitimate basis for collaboration, ensuring wide organisational ownership and nurturing fragile relationship. Close culture and lack of data sharing, were among the issues that caused the situation to deteriorate at MSFT; a Good understanding of multi-organisational networking, alliance and partnership principles, would have improve the communication at the trust. This in turn can improve patient flow through the hospital and ensure greater networking with neighbouring trusts. Conclusion Within the NHS management systems, a manager requires need to influence other rather than giving orders, thus they need to be an effective leaders. The Mid Staffordshire Foundation Trust (MSFT) crisis was a result of poor leadership and management of staff and services (Alberti, 2009; Thomà ©, 2009). The lack of smooth organisational change management, as described by the Organisational Iceberg, affected many components of the trust. The reconfiguration of PCT and SHA was to improve the quality of care at the trust. However unstable transition and transformation of change that was caused mainly by inadequate leadership capabilities prevent a successful case of change management in this organisation. As a result the poor standard of care continued to be performed in the hospital, without any attention or plan to change. Change is a common feature s in both organisation and social life, and can be planned, implemented and seen. Lewins Force Field Model, Group Dynamic, Action Research and Three-Step models of change forming un integrated approach to analyzing, understanding and brining about change at group, organisational and societal level (Burnes, 2009). Clinical leadership in particular played important in the deterioration of patient care at the MSFT. Effective clinical leadership required creativity, highlighting, influencing, respecting and supporting (Cook and Leatherhard, 2004). Inter-professionals and partnership approach in public sectors aims to enable people to work together to achieve shared gaols. However, these approach, hindered by problems such as the conflicting professional and organisational boundaries and loyalties. Successful partnerships depend on a number of conditions being fulfilled these include a willingness to share tasks, high trust between different professionals and openness and good communication (Adams, 2007).

India I see in 2030 Essay

i think india in 2030 will be very popular place for its historical and mysterical things that can amze any scientist,historian,archeologist,geographers NEW DELHI: India will be world’s third largest economy by 2030 but its energy demand will slow down to 4.5 per cent, global energy giant BP plc (one of the world’s leading international oil and gas companies) said today. â€Å"By 2030 China and India will be the world’s largest and third largest economies and energy consumers, jointly accounting for about 35 per cent of global population, GDP and energy demand,† BP’s chief economist Christof Ruhl said releasing BP’s Energy Outlook 2030. There would be â€Å"no surge in energy demand as India industrialises. Demand growth slows to 4.5 per cent per annum (vs. 5.5 per cent p.a. in 1999-2010) as improvements in energy efficiency partly offset the energy needs of industrialisation and infrastructure expansion.† India’s dependence on imports to meet its gas needs will jump to 47 per cent by 2030 while the same for oil will grow to 91 per cent. The nation will be 40 per cent dependent on imports to meet its coal needs. He said India remains on a lower path of energy intensity; by 2030 it consumes only about half the energy that China consumes today, at a similar income per capita level as in China today. Over the next 20 years China and India combined account for all the net increase in global coal demand, 94 per cent of net oil demand growth, 30 per cent of gas, and 48 per cent of the net growth in non-fossil fuels. Coal remains the main commercial fuel, but its share falls from 70 per cent to 55 per cent in China as a result of maturing industrial structure, and from 53 per cent to 50 per cent in India due to domestic resource constraints. Oil’s share is flat at 18 per cent in China and falls to 26 per cent in  India, constrained by prices and growing import dependency. Gas gains market share along with nuclear and renewables in both countries, BP said. In India, the share of industry continues to grow, as infrastructure development catches up and manufacturing expands to absorb a growing labour force, but it never reaches the Chinese level. â€Å"India therefore remains significantly less energy intensive, with a relatively high share of the service sector in GDP.†

How Has Texting Affected Teenagers

How has texting affected teen literacy? This is one question asked by many, and not always answered. After doing much research, I have come up with an answer to this question. There are pros as well as cons to texting when it comes to teens. The pros of texting are that texting allows teens to communicate with each other more often. Another pro is that they have the capability to call a parent when in a situation where alcohol or drugs are involved. While texting can have some pros, it also comes with it's own set of cons.One con is that texting is leading to anxiety, stress, distraction in school, and sleep deprivation. All of this added together can cause teens to have falling grades in school. Another, con is that texting can distract teens while they are driving. Texting and driving has become one of the most common causes of car accidents. One common thing you can see in schools is texting in class. One other thing you will see is cheating during tests. Some schools have banned cellphones during tests but this has not helped at all.These rules only affect the teens that are willing to break rules. The amount of teens who own a cell phone in the world is enormous. In 2011, 77% of the teenage population owned a cell phone, which is very similar to the 75% presented in 2009. Due to the unlimited texting plans presented by various mobile carriers texting has increased substantially in popularity. According to the Nielson Company, American Teenagers sent and received and average of 2,272 text messages per month in the fourth quarter of 2008.This totals to about 80 messages a day. In 2010, this amount of 2,272 text messages in the fourth quarter of 2008, grew to an amount of 6. 1 trillion text messages in 2010. This goes to show how much texting has grown in popularity and is a growing issue that effects teens everywhere. As texting becomes more popular, more and more teens begin to have falling grades in school and also putting themselves in danger while drivin g.If parents started to be more watchful of how much their children text, they could help them keep control of their texting. Works Cited Baker,Lisa. â€Å"Cell Phones and Their Positive Effects on Youth† eHow 15. April. 2012 Starovoit,Veronica. â€Å"How Does Text Messaging Affect the Ability to Write & Speak in English? † eHow 16. April. 2012 Lenhart,Amanda. â€Å"Overall cell ownership steady since 2009† PewInternet 19. Mar. 2012 Hafner,Katie. â€Å"Texting May Be Taking a Toll on Teenagers† The New York Times 25. May. 2009

Should We Sell Our Privacy For Convenience Essay

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